Eliphepha lisinika i-formal syntax framework yelwimi zabantu. Lizokucacisa ii-abstract syntax kunye nendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo. I-linguistics licala lezifundo apho kuzanywa ukwazi ukuba iilwimi zabantu zisebenza njani. Iilwimi ziintetho kunye nemibhalo yengcinga. Ii-linguists ezininzi ziyavumelana ukuba ikhona i-universal grammar – indlela efanayo ndawu yonke yokubonisa ulwimi. Nangona kunjalo, ii-grammar zicacisa ngokupheleleyo iilwimi ezi formal. Ezi zilwimi ezifana neze-programming. Ii-grammar aziwuchani ncam ucwete xa zidilishana nelwimi zabantu.

Nangona izivakalisi zakhiwa ngendlela ethile, ngamanye amazwi, igama lilandela elinye. Iilwimi zinento ekuthiwa yi-metalinguistic ability. Le nto ithetha ngokukwazi ukwakha amagama athetha ngamanye amagama elwimini.

Ngoku sizakuthetha nge-formal syntactic model yeelwimi zabantu. Imithetho yelwimi mininzi kwaye isinika into yokuhlalutya kwi-formal linguistics. Eyona framework yaziwa kakhulu, ithiywe ngokuba yi-universal grammar (UG). Yayize no-Noam Chomsky. I-syntax licala apho sifunda indlela izivakalisi ezima ngayo. Ezizifundo ziphantsi kwi-linguistics. I-abstract syntax yona iphantse yafana ne-syntax, umehluko omkhulu yinto yokuba i-abstract. Ngamanye amazwi, ayithethi ngezivakalisi ezithile, ithetha ngentlobo yezivakalisi. Kuzo zonke iilwimi, umntu uyakwazi ukwakha umthi obanakalisa i-schema sezivakalisi kwelo lwimi.

Uninzi lweliphepha luthetha ngezinto esingazidingiyo.